Punjab & Haryana High Court, Chandigarh
Citation(1995) 3 SCC 42
CourtSupreme Court of India
Date27 January 1995
Year1995
BenchA.M. Ahmadi CJI, M.M. Punchhi, K. Ramaswamy JJ.
Acts/ArticlesArticle 21, Article 39, Article 41, Article 43, Factories Act
CategoryConstitutional Law, Service & Employment Law

Key Principle Established

Right to life under Article 21 includes right to health, hygienic working conditions, and medical care during and after employment. Employers must ensure safe working conditions.

Brief Facts

A PIL was filed regarding the health hazards faced by workers in the asbestos industry. The petition highlighted the dangers of asbestos exposure and the lack of adequate safety measures and health facilities for workers.

Ratio Decidendi

The Supreme Court held that right to health and medical care is a fundamental right under Article 21. The Court directed:

  • Every employer must provide hygienic working conditions — this is a fundamental right
  • Workers have a right to health and medical care during and after service
  • Right to life includes right to live with dignity — minimum health, economic security, and civilised living
  • Employers must take all actions to promote health, strength, and vigour of workmen during employment and leisure
  • Comprehensive directions issued for health monitoring of asbestos workers

Impact & Significance

This judgment established occupational health as a fundamental right. It has been relied upon extensively in cases involving worker safety, industrial hazards, and employer liability for occupational diseases. It broadened Article 21 to include health and safety at the workplace.

Tags & Related Topics

Constitutional Law Service & Employment Law Article 21 Article 39 Article 41 Article 43 Factories Act
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Disclaimer

This judgment summary is for educational and research purposes. While care has been taken to accurately represent the ratio and findings, for authoritative reference always consult the original judgment text from official sources (SCC Online, AIR, Manupatra, or court websites).

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