Punjab & Haryana High Court, Chandigarh
Citation(1980) 1 SCC 93
CourtSupreme Court of India
Date26 February 1979
Year1980
BenchP.N. Bhagwati, A.P. Sen JJ.
Acts/ArticlesArticle 21, Article 32
CategoryConstitutional Law, Criminal Law

Key Principle Established

Undertrials who have served more than the maximum sentence for their alleged offence must be released. Women in "protective custody" must be freed and sent to welfare homes.

Brief Facts

This was the third order in the Hussainara Khatoon series. The Court examined the status of undertrials in Bihar who had been in jail for periods exceeding the maximum sentence for their alleged offence. The counter-affidavit revealed women prisoners held under “protective custody” without being accused of any crime.

Ratio Decidendi

The Court directed:

  • All undertrials who have spent time in jail exceeding the maximum sentence for their offence must be immediately released
  • Where police investigation is delayed beyond 2 years, charge-sheet must be filed within 3 additional months or cases withdrawn
  • Women held in “protective custody” must be immediately released and moved to welfare homes — “protective custody” is a euphemism for imprisonment

Impact & Significance

This order directly led to the release of thousands of undertrials across Bihar. The concept that protective custody of women is unconstitutional imprisonment was revolutionary. This series of orders created the framework for undertrial rights that is now codified in Section 479 of BNSS, 2023.

Tags & Related Topics

Constitutional Law Criminal Law Article 21 Article 32
← Previous Judgment M.H. Hoskot v. State of Maharashtra
Next Judgment → Hussainara Khatoon (V) v. Home Secretary, State of Bihar

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Disclaimer

This judgment summary is for educational and research purposes. While care has been taken to accurately represent the ratio and findings, for authoritative reference always consult the original judgment text from official sources (SCC Online, AIR, Manupatra, or court websites).

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